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Epitaxial wafers have been used in the electronics industry for decades, but their importance has only increased as technology has advanced. In this article, we will explore what epitaxial wafers are and why they are such an essential component of modern electronics.

GaN materials gained prominence following the awarding of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for blue LEDs. Initially entering the public eye through fast-charging applications in consumer electronics, GaN-based power amplifiers and RF devices have also quietly emerged as critical components in 5G base stations. In recent years, GaN-based automotive-grade power devices have shown promise, potentially opening new growth avenues for GaN material applications.

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Recently, the semiconductor industry has continued to pay increasing attention to Gallium Nitride (GaN) technology. Due to its excellent electronic properties, Gallium Nitride devices have important applications in many high-tech fields:

Defect-free epitaxial growth occurs when one crystal lattice has nearly identical lattice constants to another. Growth happens when lattice sites of the two lattices at the interface region are approximately matched, which is possible with a small lattice mismatch (less than 0.1%). This approximate matching is achieved even with elastic strain at the interface, where each atom is slightly displaced from its original position in the boundary layer. While a small amount of strain is tolerable for thin layers and even desirable for quantum well lasers, the strain energy stored in the crystal is generally lowered by the formation of misfit dislocations, which involve a missing row of atoms in one lattice.

Silicon carbide (SiC) crystal growth furnaces are the cornerstone of SiC wafer production. While sharing similarities with traditional silicon crystal growth furnaces, SiC furnaces face unique challenges due to the material’s extreme growth conditions and complex defect formation mechanisms. These challenges can be broadly categorized into two areas: crystal growth and epitaxial growth.