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There are six classifications for semiconductors, which are classified by product standard, processing signal type, manufacturing process, usage function, application field, and design method.

Semiconductor materials can be divided into three generations according to the time sequence. The first generation of germanium, silicon and other common monomaterials, which is characterised by convenient switching, generally used in integrated circuits. The second generation of gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and other compound semiconductors, mainly used for light-emitting and communication materials.

Silicon carbide ceramics offer numerous advantages in the optical fiber industry, including high-temperature stability, low thermal expansion coefficient, low loss and damage threshold, mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, good thermal conductivity, and low dielectric constant. These properties make SiC ceramics an ideal material for fiber optic sensors, lasers, and high-power optical fiber applications. As demand in the optical fiber field increases, the application prospects for silicon carbide ceramics will become increasingly prominent.

Defect-free epitaxial growth occurs when one crystal lattice has nearly identical lattice constants to another. Growth happens when lattice sites of the two lattices at the interface region are approximately matched, which is possible with a small lattice mismatch (less than 0.1%). This approximate matching is achieved even with elastic strain at the interface, where each atom is slightly displaced from its original position in the boundary layer. While a small amount of strain is tolerable for thin layers and even desirable for quantum well lasers, the strain energy stored in the crystal is generally lowered by the formation of misfit dislocations, which involve a missing row of atoms in one lattice.

Thick, high-purity silicon carbide (SiC) layers, typically exceeding 1mm, are critical components in various high-value applications, including semiconductor fabrication and aerospace technologies. This article delves into the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) process for producing such layers, highlighting key process parameters, material characteristics, and emerging applications.

The three primary methods used in monocrystalline silicon manufacturing are the Czochralski (CZ) method, the Kyropoulos method, and the Float Zone (FZ) method.